(... to be written)
Sources
Hardcore bits are being discussed in [FOC, Volume 1, Chapter 2.5 Hardcore Predicates]. They are also discussed in [KL15, Chapter 7]. The Goldreich-Levin theorem[GL89] is discussed in [FOC, Volume 1, Section 2.5.2] and fully reproduced in [G01]. The Blum-Micali '82 construction is from [BM82].
Vinod Vaikuntanathan gave a two parts lecture on hardcore bits in "L4: Hardcore Bits" of an advanced course. The part about hardcore bits starts at 43:35, and the Blum-Micali '82 theorem w/ reduction proof starts at 51:53. You may still want to watch the whole lecture from the beginning, as it also covers random self-reducibility and coin tossing over the phone:
The Goldreich-Levin theorem is shown and proved in "L5: Hardcore Bits From One-way Functions":
Literature
- [FOC] Oded Goldreich: Foundations of Cryptography, Volumes 1 and 2.
- [KL15] Jonathan Katz and Yehuda Lindell: Introduction to Modern Cryptography, 2nd Edition.
- [GL89] Oded Goldreich and Leonid A. Levin: A Hard-Core Predicate for all One-Way Functions. (acm.org paywalled, full pdf via researchgate.net, full pdf via citeseerx.ist.psu.edu)
- [G01] Oded Goldreich: A Generic Hardcore Predicate for any One-Way Function. Extracts from Foundations of Cryptography. 2001. (full pdf via author's homepage)
- [BM82] Manuel Blum and Silvio Micali: How to Generate Cryptographically Strong Sequences of Pseudorandom Bits. In: SIAM J. Comput., 13(4), 850–864. (epubs.siam.org paywalled, full pdf via SciHub)